Ancient History of Bosnia & Herzegovina

Neolithic times, Bosnia has been inhabited by differentThere is limited information about the west Balkans
tribes. During the Bronze Age, Bosnia’s Neolithicfrom these times. Upon the arrival of the Slavs, they
population was dominated by more warlikebrought with them a tribal social structure which
Indo-European tribes known as the Illyres or Illyrians. Incollapsed and gave way to feudalism with Frankish
the 4th and 3rd century BCE, many Illyrian nativesdissemination into the region in the late 9th century.
were displaced from their former domain by CelticBosnia perhaps originated as a pre-feudal Slavic entity.
exodus. Both Celtic and Illyrian tribes then blended withIt was during this time that the South Slavs were
each other.converted to Christianity. Bosnia, due to its topographic
Definite historical facts were very limited but it provedlocation and terrain, was probably one of the last
that the locality was inhabited by diverse people withregions to undergo the process of Christianity which
different speaking languages. Disputes between Illyriansapparently originated from the urban centers along the
and Romans happened in 229 BC. Rome was thenDalmatian coast. Jurisdiction over Bosnia was
not able to take control of the region for over twocontested between the Hungarian Kingdom and the
centuries. During the Roman period, Latin-speakingByzantine Empire, with Byzantine originally claiming it.
colonizers from all over the Roman Empire dwelledKulin a local ruler, was in charge for around three
among the Illyrians. Roman soldiers were persuaded todecades of peace and solidity during which he
retire in the area.bolstered the country’s economy through
Many artifacts and relics dated back from the last parttreaties with Dubrovnik and Venice. His reign marked a
of the 1st century showed evidence that Christianitycontroversy with the Bosnia Church. The Bosnia
arrived in the region. Dalmatia and Pannnia wereChurch was an indigenous Christian sect considered
integrated in the Western Roman Empire after theunorthodox by both Rome and the Eastern Orthodox
empire come apart between the years 337 and 395.churches. Kulin convened a council of local church
The Ostrogoths conquered the region in 455 andleaders to reject the sacrilege in 1203. This was in
further swapped between the Alans and Huns in theresponse to Hungarian efforts to use church politics
years that followed. In the 6th century, the area wasregarding the issue as a mean to reclaim sovereignty
conquered by Emperor Justinian for the Byzantineover Bosnia.
Empire.Bosnian history was marked by power struggles
The Slavs, a nomadic people from northeasternbetween the 12th to the early 14th century, and then
Europe, were ruled by the Eurasian Avars in 6thlater Bosnia fell into a prolonged period of decline. The
century. They formed into an alliance and invaded ininvasion of Europe from the South posed a major
the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th and 7thquestion to the Balkans throughout the first half of the
centuries. They settled in their conquered land which is15th century and caused remarkable changes in the
now called Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally Southpolitical and cultural environment of the region. The
Slavs, came in the second wave and based on somekingdom of Bosnia was allowed to preserve its identity
scholars, they were called by Emperor Heraclius towith its historical name and territorial integrity.
drive the Avars from Dalmatia.